ACRYLIC ACID

CAS number 79-10-7

CAS name 2-Propenoic acid

Molecular formula C3H4O2

Associated names : 

• Acrylic acid
• Acroleic acid
• Vinylformic acid

Asam akrilat adalah asam karboksilat, yang penggunaannya terutama dalam produksi ester akrilat. Asam akrilat secara tradisional digunakan sebagai bahan baku untuk ester akrilat - metil akrilat, etil akrilat, butil akrilat, dan 2-etilheksil akrilat yang awalnya digunakan untuk memproduksi resin akrilat berbasis pelarut ( solvent ), tetapi kekhawatiran lingkungan tentang penggunaan pelarut menyebabkan pengembangan akrilat berbasis pelarut air. 

Asam akrilat dapat dengan mudah bereaksi dengan berbagai senyawa organik dan anorganik, sehingga dianggap sebagai bahan baku yang sangat berguna untuk memproduksi banyak senyawa dengan berat molekul rendah, seperti asam propionat, asam lemak tak jenuh, senyawa heterosiklik, dan produk adisi Diels-Alder ( reaksi kimia organik di mana diena terkonjugasi (senyawa dengan dua ikatan rangkap yang berdekatan) bereaksi dengan dienofil (biasanya alkena atau alkuna) untuk membentuk sikloheksena tersubstitusi.). Sebagai senyawa vinil dan asam karboksilat, asam akrilat digunakan secara luas untuk polimerisasi, termasuk produksi poliakrilat. Asam akrilat juga merupakan monomer untuk asam poliakrilat dan polimetakrilat serta polimer akrilat lainnya.

Asam akrilat dan ester dapat digunakan dalam berbagai aplikasi, termasuk pelapis permukaan, tekstil, perekat, dan plastik. Poli asam akrilat yang diproduksi dari asam akrilat dapat dimodifikasi lebih lanjut untuk memproduksi polimer superabsorbent (SAP) dan homopolimer atau kopolimer asam poliakrilat lainnya yang digunakan sebagai deterjen, dispersan/antiskalant, polielektrolit anionik untuk pengolahan air, dan modifikator reologi. SAP adalah poliakrilat yang telah mengalami ikatan silang dengan kemampuan menyerap dan menahan lebih dari 100 kali beratnya dalam cairan. Mereka telah mengalami pertumbuhan yang sangat kuat, terutama dalam popok bayi dan produk inkontinensia.

Aplikasi baru untuk SAP adalah bantalan penyerap yang digunakan dalam pengemasan makanan. Pada tahun 2007, Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan AS mengizinkan SAP dalam pengemasan dengan kontak tidak langsung untuk unggas, daging, ikan, buah, dan sayuran. Asam akrilat mentah (CAA) dibuat dengan oksidasi propilena. Sekitar 55% CAA diubah menjadi ester akrilat. Sisa 45% dimurnikan menjadi 98-99,5% kemurnian untuk asam akrilat glasial (GAA), yang kemudian diubah menjadi asam poliakrilat, yang digunakan untuk memproduksi polimer superabsorbent (SAP) dan kopolimer asam poliakrilat lainnya.

Pada tahun 2016, konsumsi asam akrilat glasial global diperkirakan mencapai sekitar 45% dari total konsumsi asam akrilat mentah, di mana 79% digunakan untuk polimer superabsorbent. Pertumbuhan konsumsi GAA diperkirakan sekitar 5% per tahun selama 2016-2021. Pertumbuhan permintaan asam akrilat mentah diperkirakan sekitar 4,5% per tahun selama 2016-2021, didorong oleh pertumbuhan polimer superabsorbent sebesar 5,5% dan ester akrilat sekitar 4%. Pertumbuhan SAP akan paling kuat di Cina dan wilayah Asia lainnya, tetapi akan lebih moderat di wilayah Amerika Utara, Eropa Barat, dan Jepang.

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ACRYLIC ACID

Molecular formula: C3H4O2

CASR number: 79-10-7

Synonyms: 2-Propenoic acid, acrylsyre, acide acrylique acido acrilico, acrylzuur, ethylenecarboxylic acid, vinylformic acid, acroleic acid.

Acrylic Acid  is also called propenonic acid and acroleic acid. Acrylic acid is made by condensing hydrocyanic acid with ethylene oxide, followed by reaction with sulphuric acid. It is also made from acetylene, carbon monoxide and water in the presence of nickel catalyst. In another method, propylene is vapour-oxidized to acrolein, which is oxidized to acrylic acid at 300oC with molybdenum – vanadium catalyst.

This is a colourless liquid with an acid odour. It polymerizes readily to poly (acrylic acid). It is miscible with water, alcohol and ether. It melts at 12oC and boils at 141oC. It is combustible and is an irritant and corrosive to skin and toxic by inhalation. LD50 value orally in rats is 2.59 gm/kg. Acrylic acid is used in the manufacture of poly (acrylic acid) and poly (methacrylic acid) and other acrylic polymers.

Butyl acrylate is made by the reaction of acrylic acid or methyl acrylate with butyl alcohol. Butyl acrylate is used as one of the monomers for producing binders used in pigment printing. Acrylic resins are thermoplastic polymers, co-polymers or terpolymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, esters of these acids, acrylonitrile, butadiene and/or styrene.

The main use of acrylic acid is as feedstock for the production of commodity chemicals, notably acrylate esters. The esters are responsible for many desirable features in polymers such as acid and base resistance, optical properties, in addition to heat and aging resistance. Notable esters include the methyl ester of acrylic acid which is used as a copolymer component of acrylic acid fibers. The ethyl ester finds applications in the fabrication of paints, both water and solvent based, while the butyl ester is used mainly in adhesives. Acrylic acid polymerizes easily to give polyacrylic acid. This polymer is important for coatings, paints, adhesives, and other textiles.

The primary use of acrylic acid is in the production of acrylic esters and resins, which are used primarily in coatings and adhesives. It is also used in oil treatment chemicals, detergent intermediates, water treatment chemicals, and water absorbent polyacrylic acid polymers. Acrylic acid is used widely for polymerization, including production of polyacrylates. It is a monomer for polyacrylic and polymethacrylic acids and other acrylic polymers. It is used in the manufacture of plastics, as a tackifier, as a flocculant, in the production of water-soluble resins and salts, as a comonomer in acrylic emulsion and solution polymers and in molding powder for signs, construction units, decorative emblems and insignias. It is used in polymer solutions for coatings applications, in paint formulations, in leather finishings, in paper coatings, in polishes and adhesives and in general finishes and binders.

Acrylic acid has traditionally been used as the raw material for acrylic esters – methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate. These bulk acrylates were originally used to produce solvent-based acrylic resins but environmental concerns over solvent use led to the development of water-based acrylics. Applications for water-based acrylics are primarily in decorative, masonry and industrial coatings but other uses include adhesives, paper and leather coatings, polishes, carpet backing compounds and tablet coatings.

Physical properties

Acrylic acid is a corrosive, colourless liquid with an acrid odour.

Boiling Point.      : 141.0°C

Melting Point.     : 14.0°C

Flash Point.        : 68°C (open cup)

Vapour Density.  : 2.45

Density                : 1.0511 at 20°C

Vapour Pressure. : 3.1 mm Hg at 20°C

Chemical properties

It is miscible with water, alcohol, ether, benzene, chloroform, and acetone. It polymerizes readily in the presence of oxygen. Exothermic polymerization at room temperature may cause acrylic acid to become explosive if confined. It is sensitive to heat and sunlight. It is normally supplied as the inhibited monomer (inhibited with 200 ppm hydroquinone monomethyl ether), but because of its relatively high freezing point it often partly solidifies and the solid phase (and the vapour) will then be free of the inhibitor which remains in the liquid phase. Even the un-inhibited form may be stored safely below the melting point, but such material will polymerize exothermically at ambient temperature and may accelerate to a violent or explosive state if confined. It is also a fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Acrylic acid is incompatible with strong oxidizers, strong bases, strong alkalies and pure nitrogen. It may polymerize (sometimes explosively) on contact with amines, ammonia, oleum and chlorosulfonic acid, iron salts and peroxides. It may corrode iron and steel.

PT. SARANA MITRA INTI GLOBAL

michael@sanminglobe.com

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