MORPHOLINE AS CORROSION INHIBITOR

MORPHOLINE is  a colorless liquid, hygroscopic liquid with a characteristic  amine-like odor. It is completely miscible with water and a large number of organic solvents and is itself a solvent for a large variety of organic materials, including resins, dyes, waxes, shellac, and casein.

MORPHOLINE is an extremely versatiles chemical with many importants applications. It is used an intermediate in the manufacture of rubber chemical and optical brightener s. It is also used extensively as a corrosion inhibitor in steam boiler systems .

Fatty acid derivates of morpholine are used as emulsifiers in the manufacture of waxes and polishes. Other derivative chemicals, and antioxidants for lubricating oils. Morpholine derivatives are particularly useful in the textile industry, where they are employed as textile lubricants and sizing emulsifiers.

APPLICATIONS :

Corrosion Inhibitors

Morpholine is widely used as a neutralizing amine in combating carbonic acid corrosion in condensate return lines of steam boiler systems. The morpholine volatilizes with the steam from the boiler and condenses when the steam does, thereby affording protection to the lines, which otherwise would be subjected to corrosion by the carbonic acid present in the steam condensate.

Morpholine vapors protect silver and other metals against corrosion and tarnish by acid fumes, such as sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. The morpholine is supplied by evaporation from solution in a solid, such as camphor,  or by sublimation from morpholinium N N-oxydiethylenecarbamate.

Morpholine is a component of a corrosion inhibitor system that prevents decomposition of a chlorinated hydrocarbon in a composition containing the chlorinated hydrocarbon and a large amount of water.

Corrosion of metal aerosol containers and valves can be prevented by the use of low levels of morpholine.

Morpholine is one of several amines employed as phosphates for inhibiting the corrosive action of greaseproof paper on steel and other metals. Di-4-morpholinyl polysulfides have been claimed as corrosioin inhibitors to be added to mineral lubricating oils. Turbine oils, especially, are quickly contamined with water, and to protect the machinery against rusting, 4,4-alkylidenedimorpholines and poly ( 4-morpholinylmethyl) phenols have been used. Storage tanks, pipes, and other device for handling petroleum distillates must be protected against corrosion and for this purpose 4,4-butylmercaptomorpholine, morpholinium mahogany sulfonates, and morpholine in conjunction with ammonium mahogany sulfonates have been suggested.

Wax Emulsifiers and Surface-Active Agents

When morpholine is reacted with fatty acids, it forms soaps possessing excellent emulsifying properties. The oleic soap is a particularly important emulsifier used in the formulation of self-polishing waxes and polishes. One of the main advantages of morpholine-based emulsifiers is the similar boiling points of morpholine and water. When the loosely bound faty acid-morpholine compound breaks down, the morpholine component evaporates at approximately the same rate as the water. Consequently, the resultant wax film is left dry and void of morpholine and is then highly water resistant. This is a very desirable feature in household and automobile waxes and polishes.

The reaction products of morpholine and tung oil or linseed oil havbe been found to be good emulsifying and dispersing agents. Also, the quaternary alkyl ammonium sulfates of Mannich bases from morpholine and mono- or polyhydric phenols have been patented as emulsifying and wetting agents.

A number of other morpholine containing compounds have been used as wetting agents, and it is said that morpholinium linoleate is an especially good surface tension depressor for use in rust preventive compositions because it tends to harden the rust preventive film.

The morpholine salt of polymeric maleamic acid has been used in compositions for coating paper, cloth, etc. Small quantities of morpholine have been incorporated in fireproofing materials, and the stability of certain asphalt emulsion has been improved by the addition of morpholine. This amine has also been used as an equalizing and dispersing agent in dye baths and printing pastes, and its quaternary alkyl ammonium sulfates have been patended as general surface active agents.

Morpholine as corrosion inhibitor

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Morpholine sebagai corrosion protection untuk aplikasi perawatan boiler

Morpholine is a common additive, in parts per million concentrations, for pH adjustment in both fossil fuel and nuclear power plant steam systems. Morpholine is used because its volatility is about the same as water, so once it is added to the water, its concentration becomes distributed rather evenly in both the water and steam phases. Its pH-adjusting qualities then become distributed throughout the steam plant to provide corrosion protection. Morpholine is often used in conjunction with low concentrations of hydrazine orammonia to provide a comprehensive all-volatile treatment chemistry for corrosion protection for the steam systems of such plants. Morpholine decomposes reasonably slowly in the absence of oxygen at the high temperatures and pressures in these steam systems.

Source :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morpholine

Pengendapan material pada air umpan boiler dapat mengakibatkan menurunnya efektifitas perpindahan panas sehingga menyebabkan penggunaan bahan bakar menjadi boros, metal bersuhu tinggi bahkan bisa mengakibatkan kerusakan. Pengendapan juga merupakan masalah yang paling serius pada Boiler, bisa juga menyebabkan masalah-masalah pada sistem sebelum dan sesudah Boiler.

Korosi (pengkaratan) tidak hanya menyebabkan gangguan pada daerah yang kena karat, tapi juga bisa menghasilkan kontaminan oxyda logam yang pada tingkat yang serius bisa timbul ditempat lainnya. Karena semuanya berkaitan dengan pengolahan air, bila terjadi pembentukan pengendapan (deposit) dan korosi maka harus dikoreksi dan dicegah agar dapat tercapai hasil yang memuaskan. Penyebab terjadinya korosi adalah karena adanya oksigen (O₂) yang terlarut dalam air.

Untuk menghilangkan senyawa O₂ (oxygen) dalam air agar tidak terjadi korosi dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa cara diantaranya adalah sebagai berikut:

• Deaerator, Fungsi dari alat ini ialah untuk menghilangkan gas-gas yang terlarut dan memanaskan air dengan cara mengkontakan langsung antara steam tekanan rendah dengan air. bila temperature air naik maka kelarutan oxygen akan berkurang karena keluar lewat venting.

• Penambahan Hydrazine Hydrate (N₂H₄), Pada temperature diatas 270⁰C maka hydrazine akan berubah menjadi Ammonia ( NH₃ ) dan Nitrogen. Bila reaksi lambat maka  jumlah Hydrazinnya bisa di tambah. Untuk meyakinkan bahwa O₂ yang terlarut itu habis maka ditentukannya bahwa Hydrazine itu harus berlebih (Hydrazine rasidual). Pada umumnya untuk Boiler yang tekanan operasinya kurang dari 40 kg / cm2G maka residual N₂H₄ nya berkisar antara 0.1 ~ 0.3 ppm (part per million = per satu juta), untuk yang bertekanan lebih dari 40 kg / cm2 G berkisar pada 0.05 ~ 0.1 ppm.

•  Volatile Treatment atau Zero Solid Treatment.adalah pemakaian chemical yang mudah menguap (volatile chemical) , seperti ammonia / morpholine atau cyclohexyl amine. Untuk mengontrol pH..Bahan ini di injeksikan kedalam Boiler water yang berfungsi untuk menjaga pH pada Boiler water, agar cukup tinggi untuk pencegahan korosi.

• Injeksi (PO₄ ) dan Alkali ( NaOH ) dilakukan secara langsung ke ketel maksudnya adalah untuk menghindari mengendapnya garam – garam Calsium Posphate, Magnesium Silicate, Calsium Carbonate, dsb, secara dini pada sistem. Endapan tersebut diatas dapat menimbulkan korosi didaerah pipa-pipa feedwater yang mana tidak ada methoda untuk mengeluarkannya, sedangkan di ketel  kita bisa membuang endapan- endapan tersebut dengan melakukan Blowdown. Alkali (NaOH) diinjectkan pada angka minimum yang dibutuhkan untuk menaikan pH secukupnya untuk mengendalikan korosi, bahan tersebut dimasukan bersama POSPHATE kedalam ketel.

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